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1.
Autops. Case Rep ; 10(1): e2020146, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1053539

ABSTRACT

Phosphorus is a nonmetallic irritant used in various sectors like rodenticide, firecracker industries, match industries, and fertilizers. Phosphorus poisoning is responsible for deaths among children and adults. Accidental yellow phosphorus poisoning is frequently reported in children, whereas suicidal consumption is not uncommon amongst adults. Herein, we present the case of a 30-year-old female patient who ingested Ratol paste containing yellow phosphorus in an attempt to commit suicide. Her initial chief complaints were nausea, vomiting along with loose motion during hospitalization, followed by a symptomless phase with stable vitals on the 2nd day, and managed conservatively. She took discharge against the medical advice. Later on, she was readmitted in the same hospital, after two days, complaining of generalized weakness, bodily pain, drowsiness, loss of appetite, and breathing difficulties. She developed severe complications due to the intoxication and died. An autopsy was performed. The histopathological and the toxicological examination were carried out. We found characteristic features in different organs due to yellow phosphorus toxicity. We concluded the cause of death as hepatic encephalopathy and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome caused by the yellow phosphorus poisoning.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Phosphorus/poisoning , Autopsy , Hepatic Encephalopathy/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(3): e7905, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984036

ABSTRACT

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, has anti-inflammation properties and potential beneficial effects against trauma, shock, or infection. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether DEX might protect against multiple-organ dysfunction in a two-hit model of hemorrhage/resuscitation (HS) and subsequent endotoxemia. Eighty Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: NS (normal saline), HS/L (HS plus lipopolysaccharide), HS/L+D (HS/L plus dexmedetomidine), and HS/L+D+Y (HS/L+D plus yohimbine). Six hours after resuscitation, blood gas (PaO2) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The histopathology was assayed by staining. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were assayed. The PaO2 levels in HS/L rats were lower whereas the ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and NO levels were higher compared to the control group. The HS/L+D increased PaO2 and further increased IL-10 and decreased ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, IL-8, and NO levels of the HS/L groups. In addition, the MDA in the HS/L groups increased whereas SOD activity decreased compared to the control group. Moreover, the HO-1 expression levels were increased by DEX administration in lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Lungs, livers, and kidneys of the HS/L group displayed significant damage, but such damage was attenuated in the HS/L+D group. All of the above-mentioned effects of DEX were partly reversed by yohimbine. DEX reduced multiple organ injury caused by HS/L in rats, which may be mediated, at least in part, by α2-adrenergic receptors.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Resuscitation , Endotoxemia/drug therapy , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Multiple Organ Failure/drug therapy , Time Factors , Biomarkers/blood , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Endotoxemia/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Hemorrhage/pathology , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology
3.
Rev. mex. enferm. cardiol ; 23(3): 137-140, sep-dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1035509

ABSTRACT

El aumento de la presión dentro de la cavidad abdominal se asocia a múltiples alteraciones fisiopatológicas, con una importante repercusión en aparatos y sistemas originando disfunción orgánica múltiple, lo que conlleva a un incremento en la morbimortalidad en pacientes en estado crítico, la medición de presión intraabdominal es un procedimiento que se está realizando con mayor frecuencia en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, en donde los profesionales de enfermería tienen un papel muy importante en la toma e identificación de posibles complicaciones que ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente. La siguiente revisión tiene la finalidad de difundir el conocimiento y dar a conocer la importancia e intervenciones de enfermería en la medición de la presión intraabdominal.


The increase in the pressure inside the abdominal cavity is associated with multiple pathophysiological changes, with a significant impact in systems causing multiple organic dysfunction, leading to increased the morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, the measurement of intra-abdominal pressure is a procedure that is being performed more frequently in the intensive care units, where nurses have an important role in taking and identifying possible complications that endanger the patient’s life. The following review has the purpose of disseminate knowledge and explain the importance and the nursing interventions in measuring intra-abdominal pressure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abdomen, Acute/classification , Abdomen, Acute/nursing , Abdomen, Acute/etiology , Abdomen, Acute/physiopathology , Abdomen, Acute/pathology , Abdomen, Acute/prevention & control , Multiple Organ Failure/classification , Multiple Organ Failure/nursing , Multiple Organ Failure/physiopathology , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Multiple Organ Failure/prevention & control , Multiple Organ Failure/blood
4.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology ; : 370-374, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-223600

ABSTRACT

Cholangitis and cholecystitis are intra-abdominal infections that show poor prognosis upon progression to sepsis and multiorgan failure. Administration of antibiotics with high antimicrobial susceptibility and removal of infected bile at the initial treatment are important. After undergoing ERCP for diagnostic purposes, a 58-year-old man developed acute cholangitis and cholecystitis accompanied by rhabdomyolysis, multi-organ failure, and severe sepsis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with bedside endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were administered, but clinical symptoms did not improve. Therefore, bedside EUS-guided transgastric gallbladder aspiration and lavage was performed, resulting in successful treatment of the patient. We report the above described case along with a discussion of relevant literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholecystitis, Acute/complications , Drainage , Duodenoscopy , Endosonography , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Rhabdomyolysis/complications , Sepsis/diagnosis , Therapeutic Irrigation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.
West Indian med. j ; 62(9): 787-792, Dec. 2013. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045757

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression of spleen dendritic cells (DCs) and their role in the changes of migration and activity of spleen DCs in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: The MODS model of mice was reproduced. The mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: normal, three-hour to six-hour, 24-hour to 48-hour, and 10-day to 12-day postzymosan injection. CD11c and CD205 were analysed by immunohistochemistry; the expressions of CD86 and CCR7 of DCs were studied using flow cytometry analyses. RESULTS: In normal mice, many DCs were found at the margin between the red and white pulp. In the three-hour to six-hour and 24- to 48-hour group, DC effectively upregulated CD86 and CCR7, and they were distributed in T-cell areas. In the 10-day to 12-day group, DCs were distributed at the margin by the immature form. CONCLUSION: The CCR7 expression level of DCs had close correlations with the migration of DCs. Chemokine receptor 7 can be used to evaluate the migration and functional activity of DCs in MODS.


OBJETIVO: Este estudio persigue explorar la expresión del receptor de la quimiocina 7 (CCR7) de células dendríticas del bazo (CD), y su papel en los cambios de la migración y la actividad del las células DC del bazo en el síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (SDOM). MÉTODOS: Se reprodujo el modelo SDOM de los ratones. Los ratones fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los siguientes grupos de inyección de post-zymosan: hora normal, tres a seis horas, 24 horas a 48 horas, y de 10 a 12 días. CD11c y CD205 fueron analizados mediante inmunohistoquímica. Las expresiones de CD86 y CCR7 de CD se estudiaron mediante análisis de citometría de flujo. RESULTADOS: En los ratones normales, muchas células CD fueron encontradas en el margen entre la pulpa roja y la blanca. En el grupo de tres a seis horas y el grupo de 24 a 48 horas, CD86y CCR7 fueron efectivamente sobre-regulados en CD, y distribuidos en las áreas de células T. En el grupo de 10 a 12 días, las CDs fueron distribuidas en el margen por la forma inmadura. CONCLUSIÓN: El nivel de expresión CCR7 de las CDs tuvo estrecha correlación con la migración de las CDs. El receptor de la quimiocina de tipo 7 puede utilizarse para evaluar la migración y la actividad funcional de las CDs en SDOM.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Spleen/cytology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/immunology , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Cell Movement , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Multiple Organ Failure/immunology
7.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 169-173, 2011.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983644

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes of iron content in serum and liver, ferritin content in serum, percentage of myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive granulocyte in rabbits after different serious trauma and to explore the relationship between these changes and multiple organ failure (MOF).@*METHODS@#Rabbit trauma models were established. Iron content in serum and liver, ferritin content in serum and the percentage of MPO positive granulocyte were measured at different time after trauma.@*RESULTS@#After trauma, iron content in serum decreased sharply in early period (12-36h) and increased gradually to normal level in mild traumatic group after 60 h. Iron content in serum remained lower level in severe traumatic and death group 60 h after trauma. Iron content in liver obviously increased in death group. The changes of ferritin content in serum in mild traumatic were not obvious. Ferritin contents in serum in severe injury group and death group were slightly higher in early period and decreased in later period. The percentage of MPO positive granulocyte increased in early period after trauma. The percentage began to decrease 6 d after trauma and returned to normal level in mild traumatic group. The percentage obviously was significantly lower than normal levels in severe traumatic group and death group 6 d after trauma. Some rabbits died 60 h-6 d after severe trauma, and the pathological changes in the other organs were consistent with MOF.@*CONCLUSION@#Trauma can cause the serum iron, ferritin levels and percentage of MPO positive granulocyte changes. Severe trauma can cause uncompensated changes of these indicators, which could be the main mechanisms of MOF and death.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Disease Models, Animal , Ferritins/metabolism , Injury Severity Score , Iron/metabolism , Leukocyte Count , Liver/metabolism , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Multiple Trauma/pathology , Peroxidase/metabolism , Time Factors , Wounds and Injuries/pathology
8.
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 10(62): 27-36, jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582231

ABSTRACT

Diversos estudios científicos sugieren la posibilidad de cambios estructurales y/o funcionales en el cerebro de los sujetos con diagnóstico de trastorno bipolar (TBP). A su vez, estos individuos presentan déficits en un alto rango de pruebas neuropsicológicas, tanto durante los episodios agudos como en autimia, que se correlacionan también con el número de episodios y con la duración de la enfermedad. Las alteraciones halladas más frecuentemente consisten en déficits atencionales, en aprendizaje y memoria y en funciones ejecutivas. Esta revisión se propone estudiar 6 causas que potencialmente podrían estar implicadas en la aparición de las deficiencias cognitivas en los sujetos con TBP: 1) iatrogénica y/o abuso de sustancias, 2)cambios funcionales agudos asociados con depresión y/o manía, 3) lesiones estructurales permanentes de origen neurodegenerativo, 4) lesiones estructurales permanentes de origen en el neurodesarrollo, 5) cambios funcionales permanentes de origen genético, y 6) cambios funcionales permanentes secundarios a influencias del entorno. Se concluye que las diversas alteraciones cognitivas presentes en los individuos con TBP serían consecuencia de la interacción y la combinación aleatoria de los distintos factores mencionados.


Different scientific studies suggest the possibility of structural and/or functional changes in the brain of people whit diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder. Besides that, these people show deficits in a large number of neuro psychological test, both in acute episodes and in eutimia. Deficits are also correlated with the number of episodes and the duration of the illness. The most frequent alterations founded were deficits in attention, learning and memory and executive functions. This review proposes the study of six causes that potentially could be implicated in the emergence of the cognitive deficits in people whit bipolar disorder: 1) iatrogenic and/or substance abuse; 2) acute functional changes related to depression and/or mania; 3) permanent structural injuries neurodegenertive in origin; 4) permanent structural injuries neurodevelopmental in origin; 5) permanent functional changes of genetic origin; 6) permanent functional changes as a consequence of environmental influence. Our conclusion is that different cognitive alterations in people with bipolar disorder are the consequence of the interaction and random combination of different factors mentioned above.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognitive Dissonance , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/pathology , Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System/etiology , Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System/pathology , Mood Disorders/pathology
9.
Indian Pediatr ; 2009 Sept; 46(9): 775-780
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144173

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the relationship between score for neonatal acute physiology II (SNAP II) applied within 12 hours from the onset of severe sepsis, and death and persistent organ dysfunction (OD). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Level III neonatal intensive care unit. Participants: Neonates with severe sepsis. Intervention:SNAP II was applied within the first 12 hours from the onset of severe sepsis. Neonates with major malformations, severe asphyxia and prior blood products were excluded. Major outcome measure: Death at day 14 from enrolment. Results: Forty neonates completed the study. Twenty-five died within 14 days. The median SNAP II was significantly higher in babies who died versus those who survived [median (IQR): 43 (36 – 53.5) vs 18 (16 - 37), P<0.001]. A SNAP II greater than 40 had 88% positive predictive value for death and persistent OD each, and 86.6% and 86% specificity for death and persistent OD, respectively. On day 14 from enrolment, more organs normalized/improved in the subjects with SNAP II of £40. Perfusion related SNAP II parameters were significantly associated with death and organ dysfunction. Conclusions: Severely septicemic neonates with high SNAP II scores (>40) have a higher risk of dying and persistent organ dysfunction. Individual SNAP II parameters do not contribute equally in prediction of mortality.


Subject(s)
Cohort Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Multiple Organ Failure/diagnosis , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Neonatology/methods , Prospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/pathology , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Analysis
10.
P. R. health sci. j ; 24(1): 45-48, mar. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-406520

ABSTRACT

We present the case of an eighteen day old baby boy hospitalized with an abdominal mass, renal insufficiency and jaundice. Multiple radiographic, radionuclear and surgical interventions were required to diagnose renohepaticopancreatic dysplasia, also known as Ivemark II syndrome. In spite of aggressive intensive care support, the patient developed multisystemic organ failure and died. Clinical presentation and autopsy findings are presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Acute Kidney Injury , Pancreatic Cyst/complications , Acute Kidney Injury , Autopsy , Pancreatic Cyst/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Fibrosis/pathology , Liver/pathology , Jaundice/etiology , Jaundice/pathology , Pancreas/pathology , Kidney/pathology , Syndrome
11.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 32(3)jul.-sept. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387106

ABSTRACT

El empleo de un sistema de puntuación para el diagnóstico del daño múltiple de órganos en 362 autopsias de adultos realizadas en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" desde el 1 de julio de 2001 hasta el 30 de junio de 2002, introducidas y procesadas en el Sistema de Registro y Control de Anatomía Patológica, permite profundizar en sus principales características. Se empleó un sistema de puntuación de las alteraciones morfológicas como método diagnóstico del daño múltiple de órganos. Se diagnosticó el daño múltiple de órganos en 164 fallecidos, de ellos el 52,4 por ciento correspondió al sexo femenino. El 41,5 por ciento de los casos están entre 15 y 55 años de edad. La relación de la infección y el cáncer con el daño múltiple de órganos aumentó al 76,2 y 33,5 por ciento respectivamente. El 80,4 por ciento de los pacientes fallecieron en los servicios de la especialidad de Medicina Intensiva y el 69,5 por ciento de los pacientes fallecieron en la primera semana de su ingreso. El daño múltiple de órganos, sus manifestaciones y las causas que lo producen cuando persisten, se presentaron en más de las dos terceras partes de los diagnósticos de causas directas e intermedias de muerte. La aterosclerosis en sus principales localizaciones constituye la principal causa básica de muerte al producir daños hísticos severos. Al analizar los diagnósticos de causas de muerte hubo discrepancias diagnósticas en el 35,5 por ciento de las causas directas y en el 21,9 por ciento de las causas básicas de muerte


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Underlying Cause of Death
12.
Rev. colomb. neumol ; 10(2): 83-8, jul. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-220940

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los índices de severidad específicos de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NC) no se relacionan con la evolución de los pacientes que ingresan a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI). En contraste, la clasificación de la respuesta biológica a la infección parece guardar relación con mortalidad y complicaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar relación entre evolución de NAC grave y grado de respuesta biológica a la infección al ingreso. Tipo de Estudio: Estudio observacional analítico de cohorte. Lugar del estudio: Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo en Hospital de referencia para enfermedades del tórax. Pacientes y métodos: Mayores de 15 años con diagnóstico de NAC, atendidos en UCI entre enero de 1993 y diciembre de 1996. Se clasificó la respuesta biológica en uno de los cuatro estadios del Consenso de 1991 (SIRS, sepsis, sepsis severa, choque séptico). Para cada estadio se comparó mortalidad y desarrollo de complicaciones mediante diferencia de proporciones. La diferencia en el puntaje de Murray y en el número de órganos extrapulmonares en falla se calculó con test de Kruskal-Wallis. Se aceptó p<0.01 como significativa. Resultados: Se hospitalizaron en UCI 103 pacientes con NAC severa. A medida que la respuesta biolíogica a la infección al ingreso a UCI, se presenta con mayor intensidad, aumenta mortalidad, las complicaciones, el índice de injuria pulmonar y el número de órganos en falla, en forma clínica y estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: El compromiso sistémico con énfasis en la disfunción extrapulmonar que hace parte de la clasificación de respuesta biológica a la infección, se relaciona con pronóstico y evolución en NAC grave, lo que no sucede con los "índices específicos de neumonía"


Subject(s)
Humans , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Pneumonia/complications , Pneumonia/mortality , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index
15.
Antibiot. infecc ; 2(2): 37-48, abr. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-137247

ABSTRACT

La infección, aunque representa una fracción importante como causa de muerte en la mujer grávida, por fortuna rara vez conduce a la muerte en la paciente obstétrica, no obstante, la sepsis grave en obstetricia, es una de las causas más frecuentes de mortalidad. El shock séptico, expresión clínica de la sepsis grave, mantiene una mortalidad en obstétrica, entre 20 por ciento y 50 por ciento . La siguiente revisión, se divide en dos partes: en la primera, trataremos los aspectos epidemiológicos, definiciones, fisiopatología, etiología, factores de riesgo, microbiología, manifestaciones clínicas, efectos del embarazo y sobre la sepsis, y de ésta sobre el embarazo


Subject(s)
Humans , Shock, Septic/etiology , Shock, Septic/pathology , Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
16.
Antibiot. infecc ; 1(4): 41-52, jul. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-148074

ABSTRACT

Los avances tecnológicos en las unidades de terapia intensiva, una más rápida y agresiva aplicación de los principios hemodinámicos en la resucitación de los pacientes críticos, la mejoría en las técnicas quirúrgicas así como en los cuidados en las UTIs, han permitido una reducción de la mortalidad y la morbilidad en los pacientes críticamente enfermos, sin dejar de reconocer que la mortalidad continúa siendo elevada. Por otra parte este apoyo tecnológico ha permitido a los pacientes críticos sobrevivir lapsos mayores antes de entrar en convalescencia o fallecer, y una de las consecuencias de esto, ha sido la aparición de lo que hoy conocemos como el Síndrome de Falla de Múltiples Organos (SFMO). Se ha demostrado que la mortalidad en este síndrome está en relación con el número de órganos afectados y la duración de la falla. Dentro de la patogenia de éste, se han planteado varias hipótesis, entre ellas: Una distribución anormal del flujo sanguíneo dentro de la microcirculación que conduciría a dañar tisular hipóxico; una liberación incontrolada de mediadores citotóxicos; una inflamación intravascular maligna; la pérdida de barrera del tracto gastrointestinal; y un defecto oxidativo a nivel mitocondrial. Dentro de las medidas terapéuticas se pueden mencionar: Optimización del transporte de oxígeno a los tejidos: descontaminación del tracto digestivo; anticuerpos monoclonales; terapia antieicosanoide; apoyo nutricional temprana; y por supuesto, erradicación del foco séptico y antibioticoterapia en el contexto de un paciente séptico


Subject(s)
Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/mortality , Multiple Organ Failure/pathology
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